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starkid. Many accounts of chaos theory trace its beginning to an event that occurred in the early 1960s. One great example is the pendulum. The infinitely intricate computer-generated image of the set serves as an icon for the burgeoning field of chaos theory and has attracted enormous public attention. As infinitely complex objects that are self-similar across all scales, they represent dynamical systems in all their glory. A plot of Lorenz's strange attractor for values ρ=28, σ = 10, β = 8/3. Crossref Medline Google Scholar; 14 Goldberger AL. It enables the description of a series of phenomena from the field of dynamics, ie, that field. What exactly is chaos theory? From the understanding of many scientists such as Edward Lorenz, Ian Stewart, and Robert May the chaos theory relatively means the same thing. Answer. Download Course. If the periodic table is at your fingertips and you remember. Palacios ILC Physics Tattoo On Forearm. Chaos is often caused by chains of cause and effect whereby a small cause can eventually be amplified to greater and greater effects. He is best known for pointing out the “butterfly effect ” whereby chaos theory predicts that “slightly differing initial states can evolve into considerably different states. X kx t 1 (1 x) growth rate, k=(-7) k ªº¬¼7 xt 2 t 1 q 7s But, s E t E t sin u T s critical1/ 1/ 4/3 0. 3. On the LM page, you'll find bifurcation diagrams at various scales. • 8 yr. First, a brief account of the definition and history of the development of chaos theory is presented. By gboeing. Unfortunately, a method has not yet been conceived of how to construct the equations of motion from the data. The. This is why even large computers cannot tell the weather for more than a few days. A sample solution in the Lorenz attractor when ρ = 28, σ = 10, and β = 8 / 3. 001, 1. In this paper, a novel chaotic system is presented based on the simple jerk equation. Figure 1: a) Pattern formed by the vibration of sand on a metal plate; b) Vibration of a thin film of glycerine. 1509 Words4 Pages. Click here to start using LastPass: A video presented on Veritasium used the following equation to describe an example of this type of miraculous mathematical paradox. (Image by Dr. So if you're gonna get a math tattoo, ideally get something that's aesthetically pleasing* independent of the mathematical significance. Fractal geometry is indispensable to chaos theory- the study of orderly patterns in turbulent, dynamical, or erratic systems. Fractal Tattoo Image by Wikipedia. 2 Defining Chaos 1. A method for detecting. Download Free PDF View PDF. To provide an overview of the revolution in scientific thinking caused by the development of chaos theory, and the appreciation of the need for a simple but realistic approach to describing irreversible processes and natural phenomena. 97. Entropy as a chaos tattoo design. Catastrophe Theory. In his 1202 treatise, Book of Calculation, Fibonacci described the numerical sequence that now bears his name: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21. The first equation consists of a 2-variable, double-focus subsystem complemented by a linearly coupled third variable. The term fractal was coined in 1975 by Benoît Mandelbrot, from the Latin fractus or "broken"/"fraction". Logistic Equation. In the second equation, a transitio between two different types of horseshoe chaos (spiral chaos and screw chaos) is possible. - Merriam-Webster Dictionary. It is clear the subject continues to attract a great deal of attention among scientists in the scientific community. Science Doesn't Care What You Believe In Essential T-Shirt. Chaos theory is a complex mathematical theory that attempts to explain. Fascinating rhythm: a primer on chaos theory and its application to cardiology. It describes the models and implementation ideas. Next, several basic properties and concepts of chaotic systems are described, including attractors, bifurcations, interaction and interdependence, state phase and phase space, and fractals. com FREE DELIVERY and Returns possible on eligible purchases Amazon. Buy Chaos Theory Math Equation T-Shirt: Shop top fashion brands T-Shirts at Amazon. This is not a library, but rather a collection of standalone scripts!On May 23, 1917, American mathematician, meteorologist, and a pioneer of chaos theory Edward Norton Lorenz was born. Set your calculator to radians. Update images of chaos theory equation tattoo by website in. Although many complex systems appear to behave in a random manner, chaos theory shows that, in reality, there is an underlying order that is difficult to see. Sometimes ecological data just don’t make sense. As in that case the equations did not change, the equations are symmetric with respect to this replacement. Principles of physical science - Chaos, Dynamics, Thermodynamics: Many systems can be described in terms of a small number of parameters and behave in a highly predictable manner. Xn+1 = rXn(1-Xn) In this logistic model that describes how the. Chaotic equations. A bifurcation occurs in a nonlinear differential equation when a small change in a parameter results in a qualitative change in the long-time solution. Chaos, or exponential sensitivity to small perturbations, appears everywhere in nature. Chemistry: Chaos TheoryIntroductionChaos theory is the study of mathematical systems that exhibit certain characteristic properties, one of which is extraordinarily erratic behavior. Ambigram Einstein Equation Tattoo On Upper Shoulder. The Pythagorean Theorem. ∂ t a = σ a + ξ 2 ∂ x x a − w ∂ x a − Λ − 1 ∫ 0 x a ( x ′, t) d x ′ − g a 3. Chaos theory is a complicated mathematical theory that studies the unpredictable and random nature of complex systems. Fascinating rhythm: a primer on chaos theory and its application to cardiology. In the present work, we tried to apply chaos theory to assess emotion dysregulation and emotional instability. Shop. The course concentrates on simple models of dynamical systems, mathematical theory underlying their behavior, their relevance to natural phenomena,. Fractal TattooChaos theory is demonstrated in this image, which was created with a long exposure of light at the end of a double pendulum. Three examples of Turing patterns Six stable states from Turing equations, the last one forms Turing patterns. Chaotic conditions exist in nature. Mathematicians say it is tough to define chaos, but is easy to “recognize it when you see it. In the absence of outside influences, a body's motion preserves the status quo. See more ideas about chaos tattoo, chaos, symbolic tattoos. Jan 4, 2023 - The Lorenz system is a system of ordinary differential equations first studied by mathematician and meteorologist Edward Lorenz. A side note — map is just another way of saying function. To set this template's initial visibility, the |state= parameter may be used: |state=collapsed: { {Chaos theory|state=collapsed}} to show the template collapsed, i. Learn Chaos theory facts for kids. Minimum complexity of a chaotic system Bifurcation diagram of the logistic map x → r x (1 – x). Chaos is a product of uncertainty and unexpectedness and at the same time engine of them. Patience and a skilled portrait tattoo artist are prerequisites for this realistically rendered design. Chain of Events Chaos is most typically explained with a random occurrence that is the root cause of an improbable chain of cause and effect that is difficult, or likely impossible, to predict. This is the onset of chaos! Bifurcation Diagram — Chaos starts at x = 3. However, in the scientific realm this unpredictable behavior is not necessarily undesirable. 67 times smaller for each step. We start with a discussion of interval maps and observe that when such maps are monotonic, their iterates behave in an orderly fashion. in around 1930 and it was based on so-called "qualitative theory of differential equations. 120. Two. In new computer experiments, artificial-intelligence algorithms can tell the future of chaotic systems. The Chaos Theory Of Heart Attacks. Researchers are convinced that locating the origin of chaos and watching it develop might allow science to predict, and perhaps counteract, outcomes. Chaos theory supports studies of this type through the analysis of the logistic equation which allows observing this behavior under the variation of the constant k that represents the rate of. Heavily explored and recognized during the mid-to-late 1980s, its premise is that systems sometimes reside in chaos, generating energy but without any predictability or direction. Chaos theory is the field of study in mathematics that studies the behavior of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions - a response popularly referred to as the butterfly effect. Early Greek philosophers attempted to explain order in nature, anticipating modern concepts. Inverse Square Law Physics Tattoo On Forearm. An interesting and valuable one, but also one confined to narrow windows of parameter space and only certain dynamical systems. The period. The equation x(n+1)=3. From Cymatics by Hans Jenny. Whatever equation you get there's bound to be a more elegant way to formulate it, so no tattoo for me. Almost everyone remembers how "Jurassic Park" treated chaos, with self-proclaimed chaotician Ian Malcolm letting. Casino legal online gambling, casino online ireland; Tatuaje casino, tatuaj cazinou; Casino constanta vector, csgo casino minesweeper min There is a basic equation that is used to produce a logistics map whenever chaos theory and the butterfly effect are being examined. The field of study of chaos has its roots in differential equations and dynamical systems, the very language that is used to describe how any physical system. Geniale Tattoos. Chaos theory, more technically nonlinear dynamical systems (NLDS) theory, is an exciting, rapidly developing area of mathematics with increasing application in the physical, biological, and social sciences. You can't use chaos theory to predict stock prices. g. , fully visible. 1). D. It closely follows Strogatz’s book, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Applications to Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering. Loved this equation the chaos born from known properties. Nonlinearity and chaos is a broad and active field and thus this chapter will focus only on a few examples that illustrate the general features of non-linear systems. Chaos theory models how a population of living creatures changes from one generation to the next, when there are limits to the available resources. . Author links open overlay panel Jiu Li, Hongyan Zang, Xinyuan Wei. What you’re about to see is an impressive feat of complexity arise from something that may appear very simple — maybe even mundane. Other definitions of chaos are briefly considered in Section 5. Robert May's theory is more recent, dating from 1975. By the-elements. They just replaced x with − x, and similarly for y. Mitchell Jay Feigenbaum proposed the scenario called period doubling to describe the transition between a regular dynamics and chaos. " This is sometimes referred to as the butterfly effect, e. Storytellers embraced its principles and worked them into their novels, films and plays. The drawing corner includes four pages covered in blue-ink sketches by Otto Rössler, a German biochemist who works on chaos theory. Overall, chaos theory enables us to embrace all the weirdness of life rather than suppressing it. So it's kinda like. y = ax-ax². Half a century ago, the pioneers of chaos theory discovered that the “butterfly effect” makes long-term. Most fully explored and recognized during the mid-to-late 1980s, its premise is that systems sometimes reside in. 2, B = 0. Very small changes in the starting position of a chaotic system make a big difference after a while. By Blanchard, Devaney, Hall. This chapter discusses the fundamentals of chaos theory. Iterating this equation produces regions of distinct values, involving period doubling, as well as regions of chaos. The initial conditions for x and z were kept the same but those for y were changed between 1. Chaos analysis is implemented by plotting different attractors against various time. 00001. أخبار عاجلة. These complex systems may be weather patterns, ecosystems, water flows,. vn compilation. Image courtesy William Harris/HowStuffWorks. Chaos theory led us to realize that simple nonlinear. linear equations for this purpose. S. The equation begins by an arbitrary choice of a starting point. The concept referred to as the butterfly effect has been embraced by popular culture, where the term is often used to emphasize the outsize significance of minute occurrences, as in the 1990 movie Havana, in which Robert Redford, playing the role of Jack Weil, a gambler with a knack for math, proclaims to his costar, Lena Olin, that “a butterfly can flutter its wings. This section includes the full set of lecture notes for all 26 lectures. Jeff Goldblum's character (the lovable bachelor in distress) in Jurassic Park brought about public awareness to the general concept of chaos theory. Bernard Forgues. He has a recurrence relation q (i+1)=f (q (i);t) parameterized by some t. This course of 25 lectures, filmed at Cornell University in Spring 2014, is intended for newcomers to nonlinear dynamics and chaos. Chaos theory instead proves that uncertainty of projections increases exponentially with time, and therefore, long-term climate model projections such as throughout the IPCC AR5 report are in fact impossible to rely upon . Snapshot 4: convergence on a 6-cycle. 6. Summary: Chaos theory is a mathematical theory that can be used to explain complex systems such as weather, astronomy, politics, and economics. A complex system could be something like the weather, or the behavior of. 7. This theorem is foundational to our understanding of geometry. The classic example of such a system is a fluid with temperature gradients in space causing heat to flow from hotter regions to colder ones, by the. Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with studying non-linear dynamical systems that exhibit sensitivity to initial conditions. Causes: a soccer player performs poorly. Read the 20th-anniversary edition of this best-selling now-classic work (published in every major language). This comes from the. The output, f (3) = 1. A projection in the x-y plane of this attractor is: Another strange attractor, created recursively, is the Hénon attractor: Chaos and Fractals. ganizing principle of nature. xn. The purpose of1. Chaos theory is a mathematical theory, and it is still in development. Start with a fixed value of the driving parameter, r, and an initial value of x0. The Feigenbaum constant delta is a universal constant for functions approaching chaos via period doubling. For example, a butterfly flapping its wings that causes a slight wind that causes a leaf to fall into an electrical device that causes a fire that causes a political. It is notable for having chaotic solutions for certain parameter values and initial conditions. xn+1 = rxn(1−xn), x n + 1 = r x n ( 1 − x n), where r r is a parameter you can vary. . Schuldberg, in Encyclopedia of Creativity (Second Edition), 2011 Introduction. One can define a dynamical system fromList of chaotic maps. Understand the historic context for the emergence of the concept of chaos. This. The figure shows the main ideas running in each direction. The Lorenz Attractor: A Portrait of Chaos. The fern is one of the basic examples of self-similar sets, i. Examples include the swings of a pendulum clock, and the heartbeat while resting. His proposal was based on the logistic map introduced by the biologist Robert M. 627 1/0. It looks at certain systems that are very sensitive. It is the study of the behaviour of dynamic systems. Storytellers embraced its principles and worked them into their novels, films and plays. Different types of chaotic flow are possible in the 3-dimensional state spaces of two simple non- linear differential equations. Books (including this one) and technical papers on chaos tend to dwell to a disproportionate extent on the logistic equation (Eq. The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with an introduction to the concepts of chaos theory and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Love It 0. Image by Author. , hidden apart from its title bar. 893, and 0. vn compilation. The values for ho, sigma and eta were 45. D. It represents that particular moment in which I met her, but more broadly, these kind of events that show you how insignificant your control over situations you never thought deeply about. A very small change may make the system behave completely differently. Other topics from: Hamiltonian systems, periodic and almost periodic systems, integral manifolds, Lyapunov functions, bifurcations, homoclinic points and chaos theory. . Lorenz's computer model distilled the complex behavior of Earth's atmosphere into 12 equations -- an oversimplification if there ever was one. 5. Much of mathematics invented up until now has been "linear", or related to a line. The double pendulum phase space plot from the section on the double pendulum shows extremely chaotic behavior. A strange attractor helps researchers predict what will happen in a chaotic system. Perfect for fans of extensive black tattoos, this piece requires around six hours to achieve. One member of the melody set is defined as "the scaled output of an iterated function, provided it. In 1961, Lorenz wanted to recreate a. Like the Sierpinski triangle, the Barnsley fern shows how graphically beautiful structures can be built from repetitive uses of mathematical formulas with computers. Geynman Diagram Physics Tattoo On Arm. vn compilation. 892, 0. (and any information) easy to share and interact with. The purpose of the present chapter is once again to show on concrete new examples that chaos in one-dimensional unimodal mappings, dynamical chaos in systems of ordinary differential equations, diffusion chaos in systems of the equations with partial derivatives and chaos in Hamiltonian and conservative systems are generated by cascades of bifurcations under universal bifurcation Feigenbaum. 1. As a. Black Dirac Equation Physics Tattoo On Biceps. While nonlinear difierential equations are a natural place in physics for chaos to occur, the mathematically simpler iteration of nonlin-ear functions provides a quicker entry to chaos theory, which we will pursue flrst in Section 33. ISBN 13: 978-0-495-56198-9. 1 Theory of Chaos Analysis. 267 101. Chemistry tattoos are the new cool thing for science buffs. Oct 15, 2010 #123 radou. It describes the relationship between the sides of a right triangle on a flat plane: square the lengths. The above graph used the Lorenz equation. I Tattoo. For only nonlinear equations can model such systems, and "the struc-tures that provide the key to nonlinear dynamics proved to be fractal" {Chaos, 114). This comes from the discrete-time dynamical system. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Agricultural Systems. The article . His companions have walked ahead toward the. Personified as a female, Chaos was the primal feature of the universe, a shadowy realm of mass and energy from which. Only one. " It purports to be a "new paradigm," that is, a. Jun 28, 2019 - Explore Tom Robinson's board "Chaos theory" on Pinterest. 1. Lyubov Chumakova, used with permission). Scientists have tracked the fishery there since 1948, through numerous upswings and downswings. Chaos Theory is, in effect, the science of surprises, the. Sep 10, 2010. melodic patterns that result from iterating an equation, either in the real or complex domains. e. Pinterest. The Einstein Portrait Tattoo is a tribute to one of the most iconic scientists in history. The entire financial market is a chaotic unpredictable complex system that is inherently chaotic and constantly on the move from order to disorder and back. Walk into the tattoo parlor with two designs. One of the rst and most famous equations regarding these two topics, the Lorenz Equation, will be discussed. Am Heart J. The photo is accompanied by a section of prose: “She asked him, ‘Tell me something nice!’. What, you may ask, is the big deal about the logistic equation?2+2=5. Moreover, based on joint interpretations of PAL2v and Chaos Theory, fundamental equations are created called “ParaCaos equations”. e. Armband Math Maxwell Equation Tattoo. Polly Want A Tattoo? It shouldn’t be all too surprising that when it comes to math tattoos, Pi. Share. Raymond Thietart. . The concept of Chaos Theory dates back to ancient Greek and Chinese civilizations. 001, 1. educators, schools & students. He referred to himself as a "fractalist" and is recognized. There are also images related toChaos Theory: A mathematical concept that explains that it is possible to get random results from normal equations. Chaos has potential applications in several functional blocks of a digital communication system: compression, encryption and modulation. Feature image from Pinterest. Very original tattoo set, bring your inner nerd to the light! This applier gives you four famous equations, certanly something that Sheldon Cooper. These complex systems may be weather patterns, ecosystems, water flows, anatomical. shows the template collapsed to the title. This quadratic map is capable of very complicated behavior. When the noise is space white and when d <4 it is shown that the solution is in some “flat” ℒ 2. From $23. Based on the chaos theory [Reference Letellier 11], the global modelling technique [Reference Gouesbet and Letellier 12– Reference Mangiarotti 15] offers an interesting alternative with respect to other approaches. The article in which he. d x d t = r x ( 1 − x K), i. Let’s begin with some most important MCs of Chaos Geometry. Chaos theory helps climate scientists model the changing climate over multiple iterations and multiple models. Defining Chaos: Determinism, Nonlinearity and Sensitive Dependence 1. Brown, Int. By evaspark. In Gleick’s book Chaos, the author interviewed a whole bunch of chaos scientists (chaosists?) and not one of them could agree on a. Depending on what you type initialy, you can see the succession of numbers to stable, or vary like crazy !Being interested in complex systems and trying to get a beginner's understanding of the field, today I ran across " A Twisted Path to Equation-Free Prediction " in Quanta Magazine on chaos theory. Black Drake Equation Tattoo On Thumb. Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with nonlinear dynamical systems. , a continuous-time dynamical system which gives you a function x ( t), t ∈ R, given an initial value x ( 0). Baudelaire sanctions the fundamental views expressed in Poe’s The Poetic. A projection in the x-y plane of this attractor is: Another strange attractor, created recursively, is the Hénon attractor: Chaos and Fractals. Examples of such systems include population growth, turbulent fluids, and the motion of the planet's. Chaos theory is a scientific principle describing the unpredictability of systems. Fourier Physics Wristband Tattoo. Suppose you want to calculate the square root of 2 with only a simple calculator. I was so nerdy at university that I founded the maths club. Mandelbrot (20 November 1924 – 14 October 2010) was a Polish-born French-American mathematician and polymath with broad interests in the practical sciences, especially regarding what he labeled as "the art of roughness" of physical phenomena and "the uncontrolled element in life". And the butterfly effect, also known as. . Methods of Qualitative Theory in Nonlinear Dynamics. A classic example of this is. ( You can use Windows Calculator set to scientific mode) 1. Chaos theory is an interdisciplinary area of scientific study and branch of mathematics focused on underlying patterns and deterministic laws of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions, and were once thought to have completely random states of disorder and irregularities. To say that a system is chaotic means that there is a deterministic rule for its future evolution, but that small differences in initial conditions grow exponentially quickly over time. From $19. Cartwright. The equation's history, properties, and graphical interpretations will be examined. Don't Worry, I Have A Plan - Mathematics Equation Print Classic T-Shirt. Visually the graph splits into two as there are two stable populations. “It simply. In this case, the dynamical system. edu. The values for ho, sigma and eta were 45. Chaotic systems are not. Chaos Tattoo. Chaotic Equations. Forearms Physics Friendship Tattoos. Chaos Theory, at its core, is a mathematical sub-discipline that explores the behaviors of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. 2. Most. 0001, and 1. Complexity and self-organization emerge from disorder the result of a simple process. In this chapter, the phenomenon of alternate bearing is dealt with by the three methods. Almost everyone remembers how "Jurassic Park" treated chaos, with self-proclaimed chaotician Ian Malcolm letting. Replacing the logistic equation (dx)/(dt)=rx(1-x) (1) with the quadratic recurrence equation x_(n+1)=rx_n(1-x_n), (2) where r (sometimes also denoted mu) is a positive constant sometimes known as the "biotic potential" gives the so-called logistic map. Chaos theory is not about randomly looking for similarity patterns. Chaos Theory. 1. Chaos theory explains that within the visible randomness of complex, chaotic systems, there are inherent repetition, patterns, self-organisation, interconnectedness, self-similarity, and constant feedback loops. Father of chaos theory explains why it is impossible to predict weather & climate beyond 3 weeks An article published today in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society may be the last interview with the father of chaos theory, MIT professor Dr. To say that a system is chaotic means that there is a deterministic rule for its future evolution, but that small differences in initial conditions grow exponentially quickly over time. Sandra teams up with Bennett to combine chaos theory and trends and maybe find some solutions to the weirdness of life. 5 Conclusions. The assumption here is that the unpredictability in a system can be represented as overall behavior, which gives some amount of predictability, even when the system is unstable. 92, 16 and 4 respectively. More information: The article, "Chaos for cardiac arrhythmias through a one-dimensional modulation equation for alternans" by Shu Dai and David G. and anything technical. The logistic map equation represents a discrete relationship between the current value and its future value . computational knowledge engine. Andrey Shilnikov. The reader might have a propensity to believe that the term may be the real culprit rendering the complexity. a butterfly flapping its wings in South America can affect the weather in Central Park. . 1996; 347:1312–1314. Heller 1 and are part of the large field of quantum chaos. These patterns emerge from a relationship between these systems and related facets of math known as “strange attractors. The equation is used in the following manner. Comments. Introduction. In this paper, a novel combination of deep learning recurrent neural network and Lyapunov time is proposed to forecast the consumption of electricity load, in Greece, in normal/abrupt change value areas. Chaos Theory. Understanding the interplay of order and disorder in chaos is a central challenge in modern quantitative science. A chaos tattoo is a reminder that no matter how much we try to plan and organize our lives, there will always be an element of the unknown. It’s brilliant, not only in its formation, but in its meaning. Not because of the choice of axioms or some of the results, but due to the. At the beginning of the 18th century, physicists like Isaac Newton thought that the universe was a giant clockwork machine. Three. Differential Equations, Fourth Edition. Snapshot 1: convergence on a fixed point. The archetype of all theories of dynamics is that of Newton, concerning celestial motions. 00001. Chaotic systems can be stabilized (or chaotified) with small perturbations, yet. Deterministic chaos refers to a class of deterministic systems in which seemingly random behavior is the result of dynamics described by nonlinear differential or recurrence equations (e. The Lorenz attractor is a strange attractor living in 3D space that relates three parameters arising in fluid dynamics. As can be seen from the graph, even the slightest. In physics, and especially quantum chaos, a wavefunction scar is an enhancement (i. 894. , to understand air flow in lungs with respiratory illnesses). It can effectively realize the transfer of noise energy to signal energy instead of simply suppressing noise. The simulations were governed by a set of differential equations, and each simulation had to be started off by a set of initial. On the construction of one-dimensional discrete chaos theory based on the improved version of Marotto’s theorem. WIGGINS: Global Bifurcations and Chaos, Analytical Methods, Applied Mathematical Sciences 73, Springer-Verlag, New York, Heidelberg, Berlin, 1988. Chaos Theory, at its core, is a mathematical sub-discipline that explores the behaviors of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. A sample solution in the Lorenz attractor when ρ = 28, σ = 10, and β = 8 / 3. 8333333,. e. Learn Chaos theory facts for kids. History. Chaos Today. The limit cycle of an ideal pendulum is not an example of a limit cycle attractor because its orbits are not isolated: in the phase space of the ideal pendulum, near any. So unless you know the exact initial conditions of a system, any uncertainty will.